Nestled in the heart of Rome, near the Porta San Paolo and the Protestant Cemetery, stands an extraordinary monument that surprises many visitors: the Pyramid of Cestius. Unlike the ancient ruins typically associated with Rome, this pyramid reflects a fascinating blend of Roman and Egyptian influences, showcasing the city’s historical cosmopolitanism.
The Origins and Purpose
The Pyramid of Cestius was constructed between 18 and 12 BCE as the tomb of Gaius Cestius, a wealthy Roman magistrate and member of the Epulones, a religious group responsible for organizing public feasts. At the time, Egyptian culture had a significant influence on Roman society, fueled by Egypt’s integration into the Roman Empire after the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 30 BCE. Cestius’ decision to build a pyramid as his final resting place was likely inspired by this cultural fascination.
Standing approximately 37 meters (121 feet) high and constructed of brick-faced concrete covered with white Carrara marble, the pyramid is remarkably well-preserved. This preservation is partly due to its incorporation into the Aurelian Walls in the 3rd century CE, which protected it from dismantling.
Architectural Features
The pyramid’s design closely resembles the steep-sided pyramids of Nubia rather than the more famous pyramids of Giza. Inside, a small burial chamber measuring about 6 square meters (65 square feet) was discovered. Originally, this chamber likely housed Cestius’ remains and funerary artifacts, though it was looted long ago. Today, visitors cannot access the interior, but its stark exterior and striking silhouette continue to captivate.
Cultural and Historical Significance
Throughout the centuries, the Pyramid of Cestius has remained a subject of curiosity and admiration. During the Renaissance, it inspired artists and architects who sought to replicate its unique form in various works. The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, who is buried in the nearby Protestant Cemetery, wrote fondly of the pyramid, further cementing its place in literary history.
In modern times, the pyramid serves as a reminder of Rome’s ability to assimilate and celebrate diverse cultural influences. Its location near the Protestant Cemetery, where figures like Shelley and John Keats are buried, adds to its aura of timelessness and cultural significance.
Visiting the Pyramid
The Pyramid of Cestius is easy to reach via the Piramide metro station on Line B. While visitors can admire its exterior and learn about its history from nearby plaques, the interior is only open during special guided tours organized by the Soprintendenza Archeologica. These tours provide a rare opportunity to glimpse the ancient burial chamber and gain deeper insights into its construction and legacy.
The Pyramid of Cestius stands as a testament to Rome’s rich and diverse history, offering a glimpse into a period when Egyptian aesthetics fascinated Roman society. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or simply exploring the Eternal City, this unique landmark is a must-see that captures the imagination and underscores the timeless allure of Rome.
